Importance of Uniforms in Schools Speech or Presentation

Significance of Uniforms in Schools - Speech or Presentation Example Brunsma and Rockquemore (54) characterize school uniform by contending that garments would be viewed as uniform in the event that it got the job done as a seal of a gathering, smothered uniqueness and showed the authenticity of an organization by uncovering the overall places of people. Studies by Brunsma and Rockquemore back the contention that school regalia improve conduct among both the female and male understudies (53). These examinations show that suspensions from schools decrease radically with appropriation of school outfits and in situations where an expansion would be recorded, infractions of school uniform guidelines could be the by and large reason and not different types of indiscipline. This proposes the conduct of understudies shifts towards less serious infractions. In Norfolk, Ruffner Middle School recorded a 42% abatement in referrals identified with discipline following the presentation of regalia. The improved order in understudies means improved scholastic accomp lishment. Exploration on rudimentary understudies to learn this theory derived a 10% enhancement for test scores after selection of school outfits with 0.05 standard deviations. ... Without garbs, apparel could divert understudies particularly the youngsters known to dress to be seen by others. Holtz detailed that adolescent understudies would put on â€Å"shirts that remark on reasons not to do schoolwork, might be related with group hues and images or uncover a lot of skin† consequently making interruption different understudies. An excessive amount of time would be spent on sprucing up to intrigue others to the detriment of focusing on scholastic work. Normalized dress would guarantee that all understudies are at a similar level henceforth nobody would stand apart to divert others. It constructs solidarity and the longing for good ambassadorship consequently advancing sound scholastic rivalry among understudies from various schools (Stafford and Wade 416). Brunsma and Rockquemore (54) contend that if regalia socially control the conduct of understudies, understudies in garbs would in this way depict practices predictable with the objectives of their pa rticular schools. School garbs make it simpler to distinguish unapproved guests therefore forestalling utilization of badge and group hues, which thusly diminishes robbery with understudies done bringing along costly garments to class. These creators give the case of the adequacy of school outfits for security of understudies in pack tormented zones in Los Angeles where putting on certain hues could set off battles. The Long Beach School District likewise noted half abatement in muggings and battles and 74% decline in sexual offenses with the presentation of school outfits (Brunsma and Rockquemore 54). Being an indication of gathering participation, school regalia would flag those outside the school enrollment. In reality, the contention on

Executive summary Essay Example for Free

Official synopsis Essay Donald, you gave an intensive conversation of what an official outline truly is. Your technique for introduction of models that are identical to an official outline, for example, a business report or a one-refrain synopsis from the Bible fills in as a brilliant path for the peruser to absolutely acknowledge what you are discussing (Marydee, 2004). You likewise give the specialized highlights of an official outline, for example, the general length and the extent of such archives (Penrose et al. , 2004). Notwithstanding, I would likewise need to remark on the tone of your conversation. In your fourth and 6th passages, I saw that there were two or three sentences that venture a negative mentality among the perusers of official synopses. You referenced in the fourth section that â€Å"†¦executive rundowns are intended for crowds that need time or inspiration to peruse the full report (Bovee et al. , 2003). † I propose that you adjust this sentence since this implication of this expression isn't exceptionally wonderful for the peruser. In the 6th section, you expressed, â€Å"†¦most officials routinely settle on snappy choices, elegantly composed official rundowns are ostensibly the most significant data in the business report. † This expression of yours gives a feeling that administrators either are not keen on perusing the full report, making these people not as vivacious as they are seen, or that officials are entirely artless in light of the fact that their significant choices are totally founded on the official outline. The issue here with your portrayal is that if there is an inadequate official rundown that has been created by a new essayist, any choices that will be made by the official will be essentially affected by the work delivered by this juvenile author. I recommend that you fuse my remarks and proposals with the goal that you will have an improved form of your conversation.

Herbal remedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Home grown cure - Essay Example The NCCAM is an administration activity that is supported by National Institute of Health and Department of Health and Human Service, USA. Garlic is one of the most significant herbs which are broadly utilized as reciprocal and alterative medication. The data about garlic can be effectively gotten to through the accompanying web-connect. Site address: http://nccam.nih.gov/Process to get to data about garlic One can either utilize Google as web index for finding the site of NCCAM or simply type the previously mentioned web address on the location bar at the highest point of the Google landing page. When the landing page of NCCAM is gotten to, select the connection to Herbs At a Glance, which is on the vertical bar at the left half of the landing page, under the title of Health. The new connection has colossal choices of herbs with restorative worth. Pick garlic as your last connection and access a wide range of data with respect to it. Why garlic is significant herb? I was keen on gar lic in light of the fact that since the times past, it has been a piece of our food culture. It has likewise been known for its exceptionally successful therapeutic worth. The page gives point by point data about it. Striking data gathered from the garlic page Garlic is a plant as bulb that has a place with lily family. The bulb comprises of cloves which are utilized in different manners. The glue of garlic cloves gives fascinating taste to the food.

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Tanahya Young XCOM/285 ESSENTIALS OF MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION 3/3/2013 ALISA JACKSON Communicating hands on The correspondence inclusion every day is an esteemed piece of my procedure to finish the subtleties of obligations diagram in my position portrayal. I am required to tune in to the spoke and implicit during connections with customers. My association necessitates that myself and colleagues have proficient correspondence with one another and the customers that require our expert assistance.The correspondence with in the workplace must remain a stream alongside all lines of the procedure. There is a prompt interest for powerful correspondence from the preparing office, to the workplace and legitimately to the customer themselves. The board with Communication Technology keeps up and composes my every day exercises. Innovation progressions furnish moment correspondence with the snap of a catch. I utilize a few program databases day by day to get to much required data. Also, innovation causes interchanges over the globe to appear to be much closer.Instant correspondence get to helps day by day with reaching others with in the association in different areas particularly since many are in different areas. Practically all office workers are required to realize how to explore through the Web and to utilize word handling, email, spreadsheet, database, and introduction programming. Patterns in Business Communication Keeping a post for patterns in business in my association is a method of providing effective client assistance. When there is a pattern recognized the correspondence factor is an absolute necessity to get the message out.The next line of business once a pattern has been distinguished is to characterize and delineate an arrangement for settling the issue. Distinguishing patterns and explaining the issue of the pattern is a collaboration. There is contribution with uncovering where the issue advanced from and the entirety of the topic that made the issue. At that point there is a procedure of disposal with each group member’s contribution on their take of the pattern where email, Same Time correspondences and direct letters to customers for warning.

International Globalization Marketing Plan of Batik free essay sample

Our central goal is to set up a Global Batik Boutique industry with world-class quality in design configuration to help corporate customers and beautician culture of upper market. We might want to be known as an industry driven by social qualities. We endeavor to be a â€Å"Choice of Retailer† in growing long haul Batik business associations with our clients, which are established on our capacity to help distinguish the style-form and suggest the best products and look’s for our clients. We make progress toward consistent improvement in giving â€Å"New Design† and â€Å"Good Quality† materials choice through a â€Å"Right-on-Time † style conveyance. Batek Empat Kawan Sdn Bhd need to develop their income by sending out Batik items and venturing into new markets division. With quicker correspondence, transportation and money related streams, the organization is arranging infiltrate into United Kingdom Consumer advertise on foundation of Batik made piece of clothing items . 1. 0 Company Background Batek Empat Kawan Sdn Bhd (BEK Sdn Bhd ) is a Malaysian claimed organization, a batik style and boutique counseling firm head quarters in Cyberjaya, Malaysia, spend significant time in all sort of batik configuration piece of clothing items. We will compose a custom exposition test on Universal Globalization Marketing Plan of Batik or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page BEK Sdn Bhd joined in 2001, has a Sales Office and Manufacturing plant at Kajang.

Walking to Class

Walking to Class During my time in college thus far, I have predominantly walked wherever Ive went. Although the bus system is efficient and valuable for some journeys on campus, I have always preferred the feeling of being outside and getting some fresh air instead. Even during the winter months, I have walked to class or really anywhere. In college, this is a fantastic way to step away from the stresses of the work you will do. Writing a lengthy paper or studying for a difficult exam can eventually lead to stress and frustration and walking somewhere on campus can help. Its better to walk to your big exam than to ride on a bus because you can get all of the nervous energy out. In the springtime, walking on campus provides an unparalleled beautiful experience. Meanwhile, in the fall, walking to an Illini football game can be the perfect way to begin game day. I understand that there will be times when the convenience of taking the bus will seem tempting, but on a beautiful campus such as ours, it would be shame not to try and soak it all in to the fullest. Walking around on campus has given me a totally new prospective on the architecture and design of our iconic buildings and structures. Also, you never know who you might pass by on the way to wherever youre going. So, lets continue to walk! One day, youll look back on your experiences of walking on campus and remember everything as if it was happening in the moment. Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

2018 Best Brightest Brittany Maupin, Georgetown University (McDonough)

2018 Best Brightest: Brittany Maupin, Georgetown University (McDonough) by: Jeff Schmitt on April 01, 2018 | 0 Comments Comments 638 Views April 1, 2018  Brittany MaupinGeorgetown University (McDonough)Passionate person who travels, challenges herself academically and physically, and wants to change the world.Fun fact about yourself: I’m a 3rd  degree black belt in TaekwondoHometown: Exton, PAHigh School: West Chester B. Reed Henderson High SchoolMajor: Marketing and Global Business FellowMinor: EconomicsFavorite Business Course: Consumer BehaviorExtracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles During College: Georgetown Yellow House (Georgetown Entrepreneurship Initiative) – House Resident; Georgetown Aspiring Minority Business Leaders Entrepreneurs (GAMBLE) –Vice-President; Private Tutor; GU Entrepreneurship Club Alliance (ECA) Living Learning Community Representative; PwC Smart Start Mentor, GU Real Estate Club – Member, Geo rgetown Advertising and Marketing Association (GAMA) – Member; Presenter to Accepted Students for 3 years.Where have you interned during your college career? Fabretto – Marketing Intern; Managua, Nicaragua; (PwC) Start Intern – Advisory; SPARK Business Academy – Segment Marketing Sales Analyst, Oracle Corporation – Marketing InternWhere will you be working after graduation? PwC, Management Consulting AssociateWho is your favorite professor? Professor [Ronald] Goodstein. He cares about his students, makes class extremely entertaining, and above all, is a good person.What did you enjoy most about your business school? Meeting people from all around the world who are intellectually curious, motivated, and inspiring. My peers pushed me to be better.What advice would you give to a student looking to major in a business-related field? It is not going to be easy, but the benefits you’ll gain are well worth it. Go in prepared to work hard and learn a lot! As Councilwoman Blondell Reynold Brown said to me, â€Å"Prior proper planning prevents a poor performance.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be majoring in or studying†¦Psychology or International Relations.What has surprised you most about majoring in business? I was always told that â€Å"Business makes the world go round,† but it has been incredible witnessing the validity of that statement. The concepts of business are involved in every aspect of life. Regardless of field of work or study, having a basic knowledge of business is extremely beneficial. What surprised me the most was how grateful I would be to have selected that path applying to colleges as a senior in high school. The tools and knowledge I have gained as a business student are very useful, regardless of my career path.Who most influenced your decision to pursue business in college? My parents. Growing up in a household of entrepreneurs helped mold my love for business . My father, Michael Maupin, started his own company when I was young, and has been his own boss for as long as I can remember. I grew up learning the importance of leadership and dedication, and loved the idea of doing what I enjoy, the way I choose, and determining my own success. Infatuated by creativity and limitless possibilities, I decided early on that I would go into business, take over my family’s business, or maybe even start my own. Now a graduating senior, I am so grateful for making that choice, as I still share the same feelings I did when I was applying to school.Which academic, extracurricular or personal achievement are you most proud of? Before College: Completing my Gold Award, KnowMIA (Malaria’s Impact Abroad). I created a project that focused on raising awareness about the impact of Malaria in Ghana. For my project, I worked with the Ambassador of Ghana, and went to different Rotary clubs presenting to members about the gravity of Malaria, even tod ay. With my efforts, I was able to raise enough money to purchase 50 proper nets, which would save the lives of over 200 children and their families. I was only 17 at the time, and I was so proud of myself for seeing a problem and taking action to try and fix it. Moreover, this experience showed me that one person, regardless of age or experience, can make a difference.During College: I created my own private tutoring business that has been quite successful on campus. This has been extremely rewarding because this business is where my passions align: My love for creation, business/entrepreneurship and helping others in some way. I have tutored numerous students over the past years at Georgetown, and it is remarkable to see them improve and know that I am actually making a difference.If you were a dean for a day, what one thing would you change about the business school? I would focus on making it a more comfortable, diverse environment. Business schools in general struggle to keep m inority students in the school, which is problematic as very important perspectives are missing from the classroom.Which classmate do you most admire? One person who I admire incredibly is a friend I met freshman year, Indra Acharya. His story is unbelievable, having experienced more adversity by the age of five than most people will in their entire lifetime. However, he didn’t let that stop him. He came to the United States and has been nothing but successful, proudly taking a student leadership position for Bernie Sanders’ Presidential campaign. Indra managed to work 20-40 hours a week and still go to class full-time, which I still can’t comprehend. And above all, he is a caring human being, which is so important in the world we live in today.Who would you most want to thank for your success? If I were to thank everyone, this would turn into an Oscars speech, with me just listing names! The truth is, I have been extremely fortunate to have so many people cheer ing for me and encouraging me. My peers and teachers in grade school were shockingly supportive, and the administration, professors, and my fellow classmates at Georgetown have continued to motivate and inspire me every single day. Additionally, my extended family was always uplifting my spirits with words of wisdom and empowerment. However, the people I have to thank the most are those that have been with me through everything: my family. My parents, brother, and grandparents have been my rock and have supported and loved me unconditionally all of my life. I would not be where I am, receiving this incredible honor, if it weren’t for them. They pushed me and consoled me; they congratulated me and taught me. I am eternally grateful. To reiterate, this was a communal effort. I have achieved my success, yes because of hard work, but also for having such a strong support system. I wholeheartedly believe that it takes a village.What would your theme song be? It’s not an act ual song, but â€Å"Just keep swimming† by Dory from Finding Nemo. To me it just means to keep going. Nothing in life is perfect and when adversity hits, you have to deal with it and keep moving along. I think it’s a great attitude to have.What are the top two items on your bucket list? Scuba diving and travel to all 7 continents before I’m 25.Favorite book: Of Mice and MenFavorite movie: AvatarFavorite vacation spot: I dont have a favorite; I love to keep seeing new places!What are your hobbies? Health Fitness, Traveling, hiking/adventureWhat made Brittany such an invaluable addition to the Class of 2018?â€Å"Brittany embodies the ideal Georgetown McDonough student. If there is an activity in McDonough, you can bet that Brittany has not only done it, but excelled at it. From her selection as a Global Business Fellow, to her participation in our Barcelona summer study abroad program, to her internship with the Fabretto Children’s Foundation in Nicaragu a, Brittany is truly the epitome of a well-rounded student. She is dynamic and engaging, and was selected as one of our featured student speakers at our admitted students weekends this year.Brittany also has lived in the Entrepreneurial Living and Learning community as a first-year and is now living in the Yellow House, a residential upperclassmen space to foster an entrepreneurial community on Georgetown’s campus. She studied abroad for a semester in Quito, Ecuador, and has engaged in undergraduate research with a McDonough faculty member.Overall, Brittany is a student who is not afraid to challenge herself, to take academic and personal risks, and to pursue the activities she is most passionate about both in and out of the classroom. Brittany impresses me with her dedication to her coursework and extracurriculars as well as her passion for helping others. Between all of her numerous commitments, Brittany makes the time to tutor fellow Hoyas in numerous subjects, giving back to her peers and enriching our academic community here at Georgetown McDonough.†Daniel Minot Senior Associate Director Undergraduate Programs (Georgetown McDonough)DONT MISS: THE BEST BRIGHTEST BUSINESS MAJORS OF 2018 THE COMPLETE LIST Page 1 of 11

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The 10 Basic Types of Clouds and How to Recognize Them

The Challenges For Students Today - 1161 Words

Writing a research paper can be one of the toughest challenges for students today. A huge obstacle to success is locating and navigating different databases and making sure that research sources are credible and scholarly. We are lucky, in that CSU Global Library has given its students access to several different databases, making it easier to navigate vast amounts of information. I found two different databases that I feel will be helpful with my two areas of interest, healthcare management and clinical research. The first database is EBSCO. It is a database with a broad range of topics. It includes information on health care, corporations, business, government and military and includes links to public libraries as well as links to information that will be helpful for K-12 students. The second database is PubMed. Where EBSCO was a database filled with information on a broad range of topics, PubMed is more streamlined and contains information on biomedical sciences. PubMed comprised over 26 million citations from biomedical literature, MEDLINE, books and scientific journals. EBSCO Search Engine When starting at the CSU Global Library’s main page, EBSCO’s first search cannot be narrowed down. It is a simple word or topic search, but once a general topic is entered a more defined search can begin. The database allows you to use multiple topic expanders and limiters to narrow down the information you are looking for. You can search for full text articles or searchShow MoreRelatedThe Challenges For Students Today1158 Words   |  5 PagesWriting a research paper is one of the toughest challenges for students today. An obstacle to success is locating and navigating different databases and making sure that research sources are credible and scholarly. We are lucky, in that CSU Global Library has given its students access to several different databases, therefore, making it easier to navigate vast amounts of information. I found two different databases that will be helpful with my two areas of interest, healthcare management and clinicalRead MoreEssay about THE CHALLENGES COLLEGE STUDENTS FACE TODAY843 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are the challenges college students are facing today? Students are under a lot of pressure these days because of budget cuts in education, rising tuition costs, dwindling Federal Student Loans, hard to obtain private student loans, and to make matters worse, high unemployment graduate numbers. Todays college students are having to change their anticipated day of graduation, because Californias educational system has been hit with a massive budget crisis. This set back hasRead MoreChallenges and Obstacles That Teachers Face1621 Words   |  6 PagesTeacher obstacles 1. Introduction The society of today changes at a past pace and it comes to impact all aspects of life, including education. Some of the challenges which are raised at the level of education include an increasingly diversified classroom, as a result of globalization, an increasing level of technologization among educational institutions or the migration of employment opportunities from the manufacturing and agriculture sectors to the services sector, generating as such theRead MoreThe Church s Vision For Education1216 Words   |  5 Pagesmeans to economic sustenance for both the person and God’s kingdom like in the case of the prophet Daniel ( Daniel 1: 4 – 7; 17 ) . It is not how much the student knows, but what kind of person this kind of educational process produces. In genuine education, personal change (process) and personality development (product) are both essential. Today educators recognize that the goal of education is the mixing of personality within a world view, this is far from what God desire for His children. 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I have enjoyed learning new concepts and interacting with new people. Of course, there are obstacles along the way. However, these obstacles have given me the opportunityRead MoreThe Role Of A School Psychologist1659 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years, schools have had to take on much more responsibility than just making sure that students are learning the material. Schools are now facing new challenges such as violence in schools, children that may be mentally or emotionally challenged, and basically being a caretaker for hundreds of kids, 365 days out of the year. With the new challenges, comes more responsibility and accountability which means adjusting accordingly. This is where the job of a school psychologist is ofRead MoreEssay on Jesus Freaks1193 Words   |  5 Pagesnation because of the students that killed their own colleagues. Cassie Bernall was a girl that stood up for her belief in God when one of the murderers held a gun to her head. 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Essay on Ethical Dilemma-Strategic Default - 2281 Words

Introduction In 2010 more than 1.05 million homes were foreclosed on in the United States, up from 918,000 in 2009. It is estimated that 26 percent of these homes were strategically defaulted on by homeowners that were â€Å"upside down† in their home equity. Is the decision to strategically default ethically sound? It has been estimated that in 2009 foreclosures cost communities $502 billion and homes that in close proximity to foreclosed homes lose, on average, $7,200 in home value (Center for Reasonable Lending, 2009). Clarify Concepts Strategic default is the non-payment of a mortgage obligation by a homeowner that is â€Å"underwater† in their mortgage contract and has other meaningful credit obligations on which they continue paying†¦show more content†¦The rationale behind this provision in the Bankruptcy Code is to promote mortgage lending by protecting lender losses in bankruptcy (Levitin, 2009). If the Bankruptcy Code provided the option of modification of mortgage obligations it would lessen the losses suffered by lenders due to foreclosure, extends the mortgage burden between the homeowner and lender, and avoids the cost of possible government bailout. The increasing occurrence of strategic default should encourage lenders to alter their foreclosure strategies and pursue defaulters for monies for any remaining liability after the property is sold. Unlike homeowners that involuntarily default on their mortgage, for reasons such as unemployment, major health issues or the death of a primary wage earner, homeowners that chose to strategic default are more likely to have a reliable income stream and possess other assets. If the lender pursues and obtains a judgment against the strategic defaulter, it remains a lien on the debtor’s non-exempt assets for up to twenty years, this includes wage garnishment (Gomez, 2010). 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Patterns Of Inequalities In Health Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(84) " anxiousness and depression to self-harm and self-destruction \( Wildmen, 2003 \) \." Health inequalities are defined as the differences in wellness attention or in the distribution of wellness determiners between different population groups ( Woodward A ; Kawachi 2000 ) . Health inequalities can be breakdown in to four key subdivisions. The first 1 is inequalities are unjust. We will write a custom essay sample on Patterns Of Inequalities In Health Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inequalities in wellness are unwanted to the extent that they are unjust besides unfair. Inequalities become â€Å" unjust † when deprived wellness is itself the effect of an unfair distribution of the societal determiners of wellness. For case the mortality rates between people from different societal categories or unequal chances in instruction and employment. The 2nd is inequalities affect every society. Condition that lead to tag wellness disparities are damaging to all members of society. Some types of wellness inequalities have clear effects on the remainder of society, such as the effects of intoxicant and drug abuse, the spread of infective diseases, or the happening of force and offense. The 3rd is inequalities are evitable. Disparities in wellness are evitable to the extent that they branch from identifiable policy option exercised by authoritiess for illustration ordinance of concern and labor, revenue enhancement policy, public assistance benefits and wellness attention support. The last 1 is intercessions to cut down wellness inequalities are cost effectual. A public wellness programme that reduces wellness inequalities can besides be cost effectual. The instance can be made to give precedence to certain programmes for case, heightening entree to cervical malignant neoplastic disease screen in low income adult females on efficiency evidences. In contrast, few programmes designed to cut down wellness inequalities have been officially evaluated utilizing cost effectivity analysis. History of Health inequalities Health inequalities have been known since the societal and public wellness reform of the 19th century, when Chadwick and Rowntree began to document them. It was grounds on societal inequalities and of unequal entree to wellness attention in Britain that provided the force per unit area to put up the public assistance province and the National Health Service in the post-war period. An rating in the late-1970s illustrate that Britain was falling behind other states in wellness betterment, despite 30 old ages of the public assistance province. This led to the Black Report in 1980 on inequalities in wellness. The Black Report demonstrated that although overall wellness had improved since the debut of the public assistance province, there still remained widespread wellness inequalities. It besides highlighted the chief cause of these inequalities was economic inequality. The study found that decease rate for work forces in societal category V was twice that for work forces in societal category I therefore demoing the spread between the two was increasing, non cut downing as was expected ( Carter, 2002 ) . The Acheson Report was published 18 old ages after the Black Report, but both show comparing. The Acheson study present a contrast to The Black Report in that it illustrates the troubles of undertaking wellness inequalities despite seemingly improved status. Conveyance and country of abodes Conveyance is critical in enabling entree to people, goods and services, therefore promotes wellness straight through the accomplishment and care of societal webs. Forms of conveyance, such as walking and cycling promote wellness straight by increased physical activity and decrease of fleshiness. A deficiency of conveyance may take to damaged wellness by denying entree to people, goods and services and by deviating resources from other necessities. In add-on, conveyance may damage wellness straight, most notably by inadvertent hurt and air pollution. Sing conveyance in a inequalities facets, deficiency of entree to transport is experienced disproportionately by handicapped people, older people and people socioeconomic position, peculiarly single life in distant or rural countries ( Elgar, 2006 ) . For case, single life in council house where hapless entree to transport may restrict work and preparation chance. An addition in monetary values and a limited scope of goods available to persons whose deficiency of entree to transport denies them chances to shop for necessities. Environmental barriers in entree to transport experienced by people with physical disablements. Deprived urban countries tend to be characterised by high traffic volume, taking to increased degrees of noise and air pollution and important rates of route traffic accidents without the benefits of entree to private conveyance. The cost of rail and local coach menus has addition well Campbell ( 2005 ) studies that about one 3rd in existent footings since 1990. This in bend has had the most impact on those single with lower income. Bettering public conveyance may take to improved entree to people and installations fundamental to wellness, such as store, parks wellness attention friends and households. This consecutively should take to betterment in quality of life and wellness. The authorities policies â€Å" Better conveyance † place a increasing in usage of public conveyance by the general population would in bend lessenings air and noise pollution. The Independent enquiry into Inequalities in Health Report recommends the farther development of a high quality public conveyance system which is integrated with other signifiers of conveyance which is a sensible monetary value to single. A lessening in the usage of vehicles would take to a decrease of accidents. Unemployment Employment and unemployment is a important factor taking to ill wellness. Carter ( 2002 ) surveies emphasise that non merely is employment a primary beginning of position in Western states, but it is besides important in supplying intent, societal support, construction to life and a agency of take parting in society. Therefore if the person is unemployed this can be a possible major hazard to wellness for the population of working age and their households. In 1997 the international Labour Office stated two million people were unemployed in the UK, besides around a 3rd of unemployed adult females and half of all unemployed work forces had been unemployed for one twelvemonth or more. The bulk of unemployment persons tend to hold a important inauspicious consequence psychological and physiological wellbeing. This can include symptoms of anxiousness and depression to self-harm and self-destruction ( Wildmen, 2003 ) . You read "Patterns Of Inequalities In Health Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In relation to physical wellness, unemployment brings a important hazard of morbidity and premature mortality. Johnson, ( 2008 ) place that all major mortality causes was systematically higher than mean among unemployed work forces. He besides found that unemployed adult females had higher mortality from coronary bosom disease, hurts and self-destruction. There are many to better an single wellness during the clip they are unemployment. Bettering fiscal support during unemployment can increase living conditions and resources needed for wellness, including entree to nutrient, shelter and warming. Being unemployed may besides better their ability to by apart of their communities cut downing societal exclusion ( Richter, 2005 ) . Government policies aimed at the creative activity of employment chances, apprenticeship for immature unemployed people, improved degrees of instruction and preparation for immature unemployed people. De Vogli, ( 2009 ) place cardinal factor is the remotion of barriers to work for parents with dependent kids. This should better the opportunities of wellness increasing employment opportunities in add-on to other good effects on wellness and its determiners such as income and lodging Education Education has the chance to play numerical functions in act uponing inequalities in wellness. It has an of import function in act uponing inequalities in socioeconomic place. Educational makings determines an person ‘s labor market place, therefore act uponing at that place income, lodging and other material assets. As a effect, instruction is a traditional path out of poorness for single life in hapless community. Education besides has a function in fixing kids for life. For illustration, guaranting person has the practical, societal and emotional cognition and accomplishments to make a full and healthy life. It has a societal function in fixing kids to lend to the full in society. This can affect educating them about utilizing services, doing kids aware of their democratic rights and duties ( Bromberg, 2003 ) . Sing instruction in an inequalities facets, kids from hapless backgrounds is measured by being in reception of free school dinners. They are found to hold lower educational accomplishment that their equals. Mana A ; Huston, ( 2008 ) place kids on free school dinners as an index of poorness. They conducted research screening that a high per centum of students eligible for free school dinners have a low per centum of students with a least five base on ballss at GCSE level A star to C. Higher proportions of students in School exclusion and hooky are associated with increased engagement in offense and other harmful activities. In the long term, school exclusion and hooky are associated with unemployment, homelessness, adolescent gestation and captivity ( Mana A ; Huston, 2008 ) The Independent enquiry into Inequalities in Health Report recommends the proviso of extra resources for schools functioning kids from disadvantage groups to heighten their educational accomplishment. The Revenue Support Grant expression and other support mechanisms should be reviewed more to reflect demands and socioeconomic disadvantage. This is likely, but non convinced to be accompanied by a decrease in inequalities in accident rates. Promotional Intervention and Policies The Government has besides played its portion through a scope of national programmes. These include Certain Start designed to back up the development of pre-school kids from disadvantage households. Change4Life prevents households from going corpulence and the National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal which developed to back up an incorporate attack to regeneration in the most disadvantaged communities. The UK Fuel Poverty Strategy which supports lodging betterments targeted at vulnerable family. Change4Life Is a promotional run that aims to forestall people from going overweight by promoting them to eat better and by more activate. It is the marketing constituent of the Government ‘s response to the addition in fleshiness in the UK. The run aims to animate a social motion in which person ‘s who has an involvement in forestalling fleshiness, such as concern, health care professionals, school, charities, households or persons can play their portion. The Change4life advertisement run launched in January 2009 and in the early phases targeted immature households with kids aged 5-11 old ages. Six months in Change4life had a great response from immature households. 85 % of female parents reported that the run makes them see about their kids ‘s wellness, and over 360,000 households have already signed up in order to follow a healthier life style ( Department of wellness, 2009 ) . Certain Start Certain start is a promotional run that brings family-support services for households with kids under 5 old ages old. Their purpose is to undertake child poorness and societal exclusion working with parents, attentions and kids to advance the rational, physical and societal development of babes and immature kids so that they can boom at place and when they are go toing school. Certain Start coaction with service suppliers from the statutory sector like wellness, societal services and early instruction, community administrations and parents themselves. There provide integrated services for immature kids and their households based on what local kids need and parents want. National Strategy for vicinity reclamation policies The National Strategy for vicinity reclamation was created in 2001 and has two overall purposes. To cut down the spread between the most disadvantaged vicinities and the remainder of England and in the worst vicinities to accomplish less offense, better wellness and better educational making. A cardinal construct is that vicinities should non be below a certain degree. This degree cover the full scope of Government activity and many are incorporated into the relevant Public Service Agreements for illustration wellness, instruction and income. UK Fuel Poverty Strategy The UK Fuel Poverty Strategy was established in 2001. It chiefly focuses is to better energy efficiency and cut down the costs of fuel for fuel in hapless families, since the income steps which form portion of a long term solution are being addressed in wider poorness and societal exclusion policies. To accomplish these marks, a scope of programmes and steps have been put in topographic point. This include go oning action to prolong the downward force per unit area on fuel measures, guaranting just intervention for perverse households, and back uping the development of energy industry initiatives to battle fuel poorness. To go on action to cut down poorness and societal exclusion recognizing that these are assorted jobs. In decision it is clear that wellness inequalities are a important concern in Britain. The instance survey shows how wellness inequalities are relentless and hard to alter. They are besides widening and are likely to make so unless we do things otherwise. This means turn toing non merely the short-run effects of evitable sick wellness, but besides the longer-term causes. The Government and assorted national programmes are determined to assist cut down wellness inequalities in Britain by making a fairer and more merely society that will let all single and communities to profit more equitably from public services investing. How to cite Patterns Of Inequalities In Health Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

On the Importance of Reading free essay sample

Census Bureau matches to re? ect the total American population as of the previous year’s census. We interview those people in their homes – a very extensive interview about their participation in arts and civics activities – and we follow up with other phone interviews. This allows us to judge in an objective way (the error rate is about two-tenths of 1 percent – about 20 times the size of your normal national poll) how the arts are doing. We did this a few years ago. Never in my wildest dreams did I expect to ? nd what we found.To summarize, reading has declined among every group of adult Americans: book, magazine, newspaper or online. If you carry a poem in your wallet and you look at it once a year, we count you. If you have just ? nished Thomas Mann’s Buddenbrooks in German for the third time, or you’ve read one page of a Harlequin Romance and given up because it’s too hard, we count you as equals. We are very egalitarian! What you see for the ? rst time in American history is that less than half of the U. S. adult American population is reading literature.I’m going to talk about what the causes of the problem are, and then I’ll talk about the consequences and the solutions. To go into the data a little big further, we see that we’re producing the ? rst generation of educated people, in some cases college graduates, who no longer become lifelong readers. This is disturbing for reasons above and â€Å"Reading has declined among every group of adult Americans: every beyond those that a poet might be expected to age group, educational group, income group, region and race. bring to the podium. every age group, educational group, income group, Literature awakens, enlarges, enhances and re? nes our region and race – although Asian reading is ? at (the humanity in a way that almost nothing else can. single number of several thousand in this report that Franz Kafka once said that the book is the axe by is actually directionally positive). In some case the which we break open the frozen seas within us. That metaphor is very true. We tend, by our very nature, declines have been precipitous. This has been going on for 20 years, but the trends are getting worse, to be encased in our own egos. What literature does and the worst declines are among younger American – nowhere more powerfully than in ? ction (the novel and the short story) – is put us in the inner lives of adults. In the last 20 years, younger American adults have gone from being the people in our society who other people in the dailyness of their psychological, social, economic and imaginative existence. This read the most to the people who read the least. Reading pro? iency has fallen among all makes us feel, more intensely probably than anything Americans, and it has fallen the worst among adults else, the reality of other points of view, of other lives. That is obviously in jeopardy if we now have aged 18 to 24, 25 to 34. It has fallen the worst among men, and, indeed, if you look at our study and other a society in which the majority of adults are no longer reading. But there are other things that we studies, only about one-third of adult males are doing what we call â€Å"literary reading. † Know that literary can actually measure.Something seems to happen reading sounds much better than it is. We de? ne with readers that does not happen with non-readers. I cannot scienti? cally prove that it’s causal, but I can literary reading as any imaginative text – essentially any novel, short story, poem or dramatic work in a scienti? cally prove with a wearisome amount of data 18 THE COMMONWEALTH June 2006 that it is at the very least correlative. pre-adults, you see the same kinds of declines among If you are a reader, you are overwhelmingly more high school students and eighth graders.You see this likely to engage in positive social and civic behavior decline in the amount of reading, the command of versus non-readers. If you read, you’re 300 percent reading and in the ability to read at any complex level. more likely to go to the theater and museums, 200 As a Californian, I’m particularly ashamed. If you percent more likely to go to the movies, and over look at eighth graders, California ranks 49th out of 50 twice – in some measures three times – as likely to do states. If you look at fourth graders, we rank 48th.I volunteer work or charity work. And the argument know all the excuses – immigration and things like that this is a function of income – because â€Å"Literature awakens, enlarges, enhances and re nes the more education you have, the more likely you are to read; the more education you have, our humanity in a way that almost nothing else can. † the higher your income is – isn’t true. The poorest group of American readers does volunteer this – but as a Mexican-American Californian, I am work and charity work at twice the level of the richest ashamed.Our public education system is not doing its non-readers. You see other things that are rather job – especially in this state, which once enjoyed one surprising. If you are a reader, you’re more likely of the greatest public school systems in the world. to exercise, more likely to go to sports games, more The problem is now at a tipping point. In the likely to play amateur sports – bowling or softball last 20 years, the number of adult readers in the – and much more likely to be aware of and involved United States has stayed the same. The number of in your own community. There is a deep and arguably non-readers has increased by 40 million. There are statistical connection between readers and civic now a few more non-readers than readers. If we involvement. The kind of communities that we want allow the problem to get much worse, the better part to live in are, by de? nition, communities of readers. of this cultural capacity for reading, imagination, The kinds of citizens a democracy needs are readers. civic engagement and human enlargement will be irrecoverable. The interesting thing about people who read Why did it happen?First, something isn’t versus people who don’t read, is that they do exactly the same things – except that one group reads and the happening in schools. Somehow, we are not other one doesn’t. Readers play video games, watch connecting reading with the expectation of pleasure television; they do these things, but they do them in and the sense that reading is a necessary component a balanced way, versus people who are, increasingly, of a life of self-realization, of exploration of who you simply passive consumers of electronic entertainment. re and what your individual potential is. That used If you look at our data and the data of other to be the goal of high school and college education in studies, you are almost compelled to believe that some ways – maybe quite modestly in high school, there is now a bifurcation in the American population but ambitiously in college. Now it seems we are between one group, which takes an active stance increasingly trying to focus on producing entry-level towards managing their own lives, and another group, workers for a service economy.That is not the same which is increasingly passive. The passive people as producing free citizens for a democracy. come home, watch TV, play video games, go onto the Second, and this isn’t arguable, we are now Internet, talk on the phone, go back to the TV, put a surrounded by a great welter of electronic alternatives DVD in – and then it’s time to go to bed. to reading. About 20 years ago, the average American I believe that there is something fundamentally household had one TV, one record player, one radio intellectual and spiritual that happens to readers and maybe one phone.Now we’ve got two to three through the combination of the sustained focused TVs, two video games, two computers, countless attention that you bring to reading, the use of your phones (if you count both wired and cell phones), imagination to create pictures of the scenes, characters DVDs, VCRs, the Internet, etc. Even when you leave and situations, and also your use of memory to draw the house, you have your iPod, so there’s now an those pictures out, versus being passive and having oppor tunity or a risk – depending on how you want to the images, pacing, tone and everything given to you. e? ne it – of never cutting off this predetermined ? ow of electronic entertainment, of which you are largely a This is a disturbing situation, and it’s not likely to get better. Why isn’t it likely to get better? This passive consumer. is rather scary. If you see what’s happening with

Evolution of Mobile Communications from Nothing to Everything

Question: Describe about the Evolution of Mobile Communications? Answer: Introduction to Evolution of Mobile Communication: From starting of analog generation of mobile (1G) to the final implemented generation of mobile which is third (3G) the pattern has been changed. The new generations of mobile do not imagine improving the experience of voice communication but it will try to provide the access to user to the new reality of communication which is global. The plan is to attain the ubiquity of communication (everywhere, every time) and it will supply users with the fresh set of the services. The enlargement of the numeral of subscribers of the mobile; over the final years which lead to saturation of wireless telephony which is voice-oriented. From the numeral of subscribers which is 214 million in year 1997 to millions of 1.162 in year 2002, it is expected that by year 2010 there will be worldwide subscribers of 1700 million. It is currently time to discover the fresh demands and it will find fresh ways to expand the concept of mobile. The initial steps have previously taken by 2.5G, which will provide a ccess to users to the network of data (e.g. Multimedia Message Service - MMS, Internet access). In spite of big early euphoria which will evolve the technology, only 3G network which will exist in todays use of commercial. This network firstly deployed in year 2001 in Japan using the IMT-2000 standard of international standard, with immense success. (Cellular, 2002) The first generations of mobile (1G to 2.5G): The first cellular system of communication of operational will be deployed in year 1981 in Norway and it will follow the systems which are similar in UK and US. These primary systems of generation will be given the transmission of voice by using around 900 MHz of frequencies and modulation which is analogue. The second systems of generation (2G) of mobile network which is wireless based on the digital band of signaling as low-band. The mainly popular wireless technology of 2G is called as the Global Systems for the Communication of Mobile (GSM). The primary systems of GSM used the spectrum of frequency of 25MHz in band of 900MHz. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), which is the standard which lets numerous access of users a group of frequency bands of radio and it will eradicates the interference of the message traffic, which is used for splitting the bandwidth which is available of 25MHz into carrier frequencies of 124 of 200 kHz each. Frequency is then alienated using the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheme into the timeslots of eight and it will allow simultaneous calls which are eight on same frequency. This type of protocol will allow large numerals of users which will access the frequency of one radio by just allocating the time slots to data calls or multiple voices. (Kim, 2003) TDMA will break down the transmission of data, like conversion of phone, into small fragments and transmits those fragments in the small burst, assigning those fragments into time slot. Today, systems of GSM will activate in 1.8 GHz and 900MHz bands all through world with exception of Americas where it will activate in band of 1.9 GHz. Within the Europe, technology of GSM made probable the roaming which is seamless across all the countries. While technology of GSM will be developed in the Europe, technology of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) will be developed in the North America. CDMA differentiates between numero us transmissions which were carried concurrently on the signal of single wireless. CDMA will promise to open up the capacity of network for carriers of wireless and it will recover the quality of the messages of wireless and access the users' to airwaves of wireless. CDMA will break down the calls by codes on a signal, whereas TDMA break down with the help of time. The result in those cases is an enlarged capacity of network for carrier of wireless and the need of interference for caller. (ITU, 2000) The wireless technologies of 2G can hold some capabilities of data such as message service which is short and fax at data rate of 9.6 kbps, but it will not appropriate for multimedia applications and browsing of web. A maximum speed which is based on theoretical is of 171.2 Kbps is attainable by GPRS using the timeslots of eight at same time. This will be ten times faster than the current Data Service of Circuit Switched on the networks of GSM. All these technologies of wireless are prc ised in below table. (Acrelet, 2000) Table summarize comparison between various Technology Technology of Transport Description Transmission speed of Data/ Typical Use Cons/ Pros TDMA 2G technology is used in Time Division Multiple Access 9.6 kbps of data and voice Consumption is Low battery, but contain one-way transmission, and the pales of speed is next to the technologies of 3G GSM Cell phone technology of 2G digital is Global System for the Communications of Mobile Communications Data and Voice. System of this European will uses frequencies of 1.8 GHz and 900MHz. In the States of United will operate in 9.6 kbps of PCS band of 1.9GHz. About 180 countries of roaming in Worldwide, but messaging service of GSM's short (GSMSMS) only transmits the one-way, and can deliver the messages which are long of 160 characters GPRS Radio Service of General Packet is the network of 2.5G which will help the packets of data 115 kbps of Data; the GPRS network of wireless ATT will broadcast data between 40kbps to 60kbps Just like GSM SMS messages will not be limited to the characters of 160 EDGE Digital network of 3G is used for GSM Environment of Enhanced Data 384kbps of Data Unable to acquire licenses of W-CDMA which can be operators temporary solution CDMA Technology of 2G is used in Code Division Multiple Access which is developed for 3G transitioning as Qualcomm Even though behind TDMA subscribers are numerous, this technology of fast-growing has extra capacity than the TDMA W-CDMA (UMTS) CDMA Wideband CDMA (also identified as Telecommunications System of Universal Mobile UMTS) is technology of 3G. Data and Voice. UMTS is being intended which will offer speeds of 144kbps to the fast-moving users vehicles Initially used 2Mbps and up to 10Mbps by year 2005. Likely to leading the United States, and therefore roaming globally will be good. Wireless ATT will be performed tests of UMTS in year 2002. CDMA2000 1xRTT A technology of 3G, 1xRTT is the primary phase of CDMA2000 144kbps of data and voice Proponents will say migration from the TDMA which is simpler CDMA2000 than that of WCDMA. (Schiller, 2014) CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Data delivers on channel which is separated 2.4Mbps of Data CDMA2000 1xEV-DV Integrates data and voice on same channel 2.4Mbps data and Voice Mobile networks Third generation (3G): All systems of 2G wireless are based on voice-centric. In GSM it includes the short message service (SMS); facilitating messages of text for up to characters of 160 will be viewed, received and sent on handset. Most systems of 2G will help some of the data over paths of voice, but at glaringly speeds which is slow typically 14.4 Kb/s or 9.6 Kb/s. So in 2G world, voice remnants king whereas data is previously dominant in communications of wire line. And, wireless or fixed, all will be exaggerated by internet fast growth. 3G planning will be started in year 1980s. Original plans will focus on applications of multimedia like mobile phones used for videoconferencing. Today's 144 Kb/s is calling specifications for 3G for the users which will move in train or an automobile, for pedestrians its 384 Kb/s and for stationary users its 2 Mb/s. That is huge step up from bandwidth of 8 to 13 Kb/s of 2G per channel for the signals of transport for speech. The second issue of key for wireless of 3G is that users want for worldwide roam and it will stay connected. Now a day, GSM will lead in worldwide roaming. The third issue with systems of 3G is the capacity. (Tachikawa , 2003) The subsequently step is fresh technology and bandwidth. (IMT-2000) International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 is administrator Union name for International Telecommunication for 3G and it is an intended to initiative which will give access to wireless for the infrastructure to telecommunication of global throughout both systems of terrestrial and satellite, serving mobile phones and fixed users through both telephone networks as private and public. Proponents of GSM put ahead the system of mobile communication which is universal (UMTS), a GSM evolution, as IMT-2000 road. Each of the schemes normally occupies multiple transmission techniques of radio in place to grip the 2G evolution. Approving on occurrence IMT-2000 bands which has been extra complicated and agreement incorporated five dissimilar s tandards of radio and three extensively dissimilar bands of frequency. In combined systems of 3G it will allow to roam anywhere, users will probably require the phone of quintuple-mode which will capable to operate in band of 800/900 MHz, between band of 1.7 to 1.9 GHz and the band of 2.5 to 2.69 GHz. GSM-MAP access protocol of mobile contains GSM. The infrastructure of North American will uses the mobility protocol of IS-41. But rest of infrastructure of landline will help in IMT-2000 which will be flux in next to future. (Hui, 2003) W-CDMA is differentiated by utilize of the band which is wider than CDMA. An extra advantage of W-CDMA with high rate of transfer, and it will raise the capacity of system and quality of communication by the statistical multiplexing. The W-CDMA employs proficiently the spectrum of radio which will give the greatest rate of data rate for 2 Mbps. Systems of 3G will be IP-centric and it will rationalize an infrastructure of all-IP. (Vasco, 2004) Future generation of mobile networks (4G): The purpose of 3G will be expanding the fresh protocol and fresh technologies for additional improve the experience of mobile. In disparity, the fresh framework of 4G will be recognized which will attempt to achieve new user experience for levels and capacity of multi-service by incorporating all the technologies of mobile which will exist (e.g. Global System for Mobile Communications - GSM, General Packet Radio Service GPRS, International Mobile Communications - IMT-2000, Wireless Fidelity Wi-Fi and the Bluetooth). In spitefulness of dissimilar approaches, where each will resulting from various visions of platform which will come to future presently under examination, the major objectives of the networks of 4G will be stated in subsequent properties: Ubiquity x; platform of Multi-service x; cost of Low bit x; where Ubiquity which means that the fresh networks of mobile should be accessible to user, anywhere and anytime. (Jefe, 2011) Based on the view, DoCoMo NTT, that has previously the base of wide for mobile users of 3G, approximations the numeral of communication of mobile terminals which will expand in Japan from actual of 82.2 million to additional units of 500 million by year 2010. The platform of multi-service is a necessary property for the fresh generation of mobile, not only due to this will the major reason for transition of user, but it also since it provide operators of telecommunication admission to the traffic with fresh levels. As per the cost per bit it must be between systems of 3G of 1/10 and 1/100. To attain the goals which are proposed the very elastic networks which will collective a variety of access technologies of radio, should be produced. (Ashiho, 2003) This network should give bandwidths which are high, between 50-100 Mbps for users of high mobility, to users of low mobility with 1Gbps, technologies which will authorize handoffs which are rapid, a proficient system of delivery over variou s technologies of wireless which will be accessible, the technique of identifying the access of wireless from the accessible ones. The core of the network must be stand in the Protocol Version of Internet 6 IPv6, the possible platform of convergence for upcoming services (IPv4 will not give the appropriate quantity of addresses of Internet). (Amit, 2010) Transfer to the 4G: The information for mobile networks of 4G propose to incorporate approximately every standard of wireless which are previously in use, which is facilitating its instantaneous use and it will poses the interconnection numerous questions will not be answered. The investigate areas will be current challenges of key to transfer existing 4G systems which are many but they can be recapitulate in following: Station of Mobile, Service and System. To be capable to use mobile networks of 4G a fresh type of terminals of mobile should be imagined. This alteration may involve that it should automatically download the software configuration from the networks which are in series. In accumulation, networks of 4G, in opponent to other generations of mobile, it should treat with handoffs of horizontal and vertical, i.e., the mobile client of 4G may move connecting various types of networks of wireless (e.g. Wi-Fi and GSM) and involving the cells of same networks of wireless (e.g. m oving involving neighboring cells of GSM). Additionally, several services will be accessible in the fresh generation of mobile such as videoconferences have limit time restraint and there is a requirement of QoS that should not be detectable exaggerated by handoffs. To keep away from these issues fresh algorithms should be investigated and the prevision of mobility of user will be essential, so that it will keep away from broadcasting at same time to all neighboring antennas so that it will waste the resources which are unnecessary. Another main issue which is relates to safety, since it pretends for 4G to join most of the various types of technologies of mobile. As each of the standards has the scheme of own security, the key to the systems of 4G is flexible which is very high. Services will also pretense numerous questions as the users of 4G which may have various operatives to various services and, still if they should be the same operator, they will be able to admission data usi ng various technologies of network. Definite billing using rates which are flat cost or time per bit of fare may not be appropriate to fresh range of the services. Table summarize comparison between various Generation Generation Requirements of technology Comments 1G Requirements which are not official. Technology which is Analog. Deployed in year 1980s. 2G Requirements which are not official. Technology which is Digital. Initial systems of digital. Deployed in year 1990s. Fresh services like SMS and data of low-rate. Main technologies comprise GSM and IS-95 CDMA. 3G IMT-2000 ITUs needed mobile of 144 kbps, for pedestrian 384 kbps, indoors 2 Mbps Main technologies comprise UMTS-HSPA and CDMA2000 1X/ EVDO. WiMAX currently an official technology of 3G. 4G IMT ITUs Advanced necessities comprise capability to activate in up to radio channels of 40 MHz and with very huge efficiency which is spectral. No technology will meets necessities today. IEEE 802.16m and LTE Advanced individual intended to meet necessities. Conclusion In this document we will nearby the evolution of the communications of mobile during all its generations. From the original vocation of speech to a data network which is IP-based, numerous steps were completed. From the voice centric which is analog for initial generation to second generation which is digital, the objective was to improve the experience of voice of the user, by enhancing the communication quality while by means of additional professionally the capacity which is installed. At same time it will improve mobility given by handover which is seamless and the extra capacity of data communications (though very small) superior and opened doors to upcoming developments. Several developments will be brought by the generation of 2.5 specifically by GPRS, which enhanced communications of data by sustaining IP in infrastructure of GSM. With the generation of third the objective will be changed from data-centric to voice-centric. Furthermore mobility of total will became an aim to chase. At same time fresh applications will demand additional bandwidth and the costs will be lower. Appendix [1] 1G First generation of mobile [2] 2G Second generation of mobile [3] 3G Third generation of mobile [4] 4G Future generation of mobile [5] TDMA Time Division Multiple Access [6] FDMA -- Frequency Division Multiple Access [7] CDMA -- Code Division Multiple Access [8] GSM -- Global Systems for the Communication of Mobile [9] UMTS Universal Mobile Communication System [10] GPRS -- General Packet Radio Service [11] IMT -2000 -- International Mobile Communications [12] Wi-Fi -- Wireless Fidelity References [1] Cellular, 2002, Mobile cellular, subscribers per 100 people, International Telecommunication Union Statistics, https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/at_glance/cellular02.pdf [2] Kim, Y., Jeong, B.J., Chung, J., Hwang, C., Ryu, J.S., Kim, K., Kim, Y.K., 2003, Beyond 3G: Vision, Requirements, and Enabling Technologies [3] ITU-R PDNR WP8F, 2002, Vision, Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT-2000 and Systems beyond IMT-2000, [4] Acrelet, 2000, 2G 3G Cellular Wireless data transport terminology, www.arcelect.com/2G-3G_Cellular_Wireless.htm [5] Schiller, J., 2014, Mobile Communications, slides https://www.jochenschiller.de/ [6] Tachikawa, Keiji, 2003, A perspective on the Evolution of Mobile Communications [7] Hui, Suk Yu, and Yeung, Kai Hau, 2003, Challenges in the Migration to 4G Mobile Systems [8] Vasco Pereira, 2004, Evolution of Mobile Communications: from 1G to 4G, https://eden.dei.uc.pt/~vasco/Papers_files/Mobile_evolution_v1.5.1.pdf [9] Jefe, 2011, Evolution Of Mobile Technology: A Brief History of 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G Mobile Phones, https://www.brighthub.com/mobile/emerging-platforms/articles/30965.aspx [10] L.S. Ashiho, 2003, MOBILE TECHNOLOGY: EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 4G, https://www.electronicsforu.com/EFYLinux/efyhome/cover/jun2003/Mobile-tech.pdf [11] Amit Kumar, 2010, Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G, https://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~mturk/Courses/CS290I-2012/misc/1Gto4G.pdf [12] Mishra, Ajay K, 2004, Fundamentals of Cellular Network Planning and Optimization, 2G/2.5G/3GEvolution of 4G [13] Chen, Yue, 2003 Soft Handover Issues in Radio Resource Management for 3G WCDMA Networks, [14] Toh, C. K, 2002, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems [15] Pereira, Vasco Sousa, Tiago, 2004, Evolution of Mobile Communications: from 1G to 4G [16] Kamarularifin Abd Jalil, Mohd Hanafi Abd. Latif, Mohamad Noorman Masrek, 2009, Looking Into The 4G Features [17] 3gamericas, 2010, Transition to 4G: 3GPP Broadband Evolution to IMT-Advanced [18] Fumiyuki Adachi, 2001, Wireless past and Future: Evolving Mobile Communication Systems [19] Giannini,Vito; Craninckx,Jan; Baschirotto, Andrea, 2008, Baseband Analog Circuits for Software Defined Radio [20] ITU, 2010, ITU Paves the Way for Next-Generation 4G Mobile Broadband Technologies. [Online] Available: https:// www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2010/40. aspx

The Current Argumentative Essay Topics That You Can Use to Get Into This College

The Current Argumentative Essay Topics That You Can Use to Get Into This CollegeI wanted to talk to you about the current argumentative essay topics that you can use to get into the college admissions committee's eye. It is very important for you to remember that there are hundreds of essays that you can choose from and one thing that you want to do is to look at these current topics that they have available to you.You can find a lot of them through your parents because you will be able to see what the latest trends are and you can start using this as an opportunity to design your own essay topic. You will notice that there are a lot of recent trends in this area, like, the fact that this should not be filled with all kinds of technical terms and you should not be having too many questions with which you want to be answered. You also have to consider the fact that this will be used as your qualification for admission into this school.You need to ask yourself this question, 'Is it oka y for me to make a thesis statement?' If you are going to do this, then you should definitely use this as your basis for the topic of your argumentative essay. This will ensure that you do not give any type of self-consciousness and just focus on the content of your argumentative essay. This topic will need to be about the topic that you want to discuss so if you know anything about the topic that you are going to discuss, you should have an understanding of what it is that you are going to talk about.Then you also need to consider this, 'What type of organization does this college have?' What does it look like? All of these factors will help you decide if you want to use the information that you are going to have to describe your organization or not.Then you have the fact that there is a new trend that is going to come out on the internet. A lot of people are using their blogs and websites to have their essays written on their blogs and it is going to make a huge difference. Now yo u can be able to express a lot of things with the new web technologies that are on the web today.But you also need to keep in mind that you do not need to make your topic too long and it does not need to be too short either. You can actually break the topic down to three paragraphs and use those three paragraphs to focus on what you want to talk about. Now you just need to add your facts and your points to make a strong argument for you to get into this college.When you are writing your essay you need to start from a logical point and you need to follow that up with your points to make sure that you are getting more than just a logical point to your essay. In conclusion, you want to find out about the current argumentative essay topics that you can use to get into this college.

Digital Photography Essay

Digital Photography Essay Digital Photography Essay My goal is to be a photographer and I selected this career because I like taking pictures. COPS-The skills and abilities that I need in these jobs are apply artistic skills, such as painting, drawing, or modeling in practical ways. Make finger and hand movements correspond with seeing to operate equipment, adjust instruments, and use pens to make sketches or use measuring tools. Select the tools, materials and methods which are best for each purpose. Use your eyes, hands, and fingers skillfully to guide knives, pens, brushes, and modeling tools precisely. Picture the way the finished product should look from computerized drawings. Choose the most appropriate equipment to express an idea or create a particular effect and use fingers skillfully when making drawings. Understand and apply artistic principles and techniques. Perform detailed work with great accuracy. Take pride in turning out work that appears attractive and meets the standards set by a customer or your supervisor. Look a t an object and notice tiny flaws which should be removed or repaired. Understand and use blueprints, sketches, drawings and other kinds of directions. Work to precise measurements, use arithmetic to measure, compute, compute amount of materials to use, and to inspect a product to be sure it meets requirements. Suggested activities to get experience that I need to take to get more experience are Take crafts or ceramics classes, take art classes, draw cartoons, sketch or paint posters. Join an art, media, or photography club. Enter photography or art contests, do etchings with woodburning tools, make models of cars and airplanes. Take photographs or make videos of friends, family, animals or scenery. Use a computer graphics program to design a newsletter or newspaper. Where I will attend is Penn Highlands Community College. The class for photography will cost $69. It will cost $3,830.00 to go to school there and there are no living accommodations because it’s a community college. What degree I will obtain there is an associate in specialized technology degree. During the 10 years of operation the community college had expanded its academic offers in liberal arts and career programs and to include online courses, and advanced technology offers. In addition to that they also provide area residents with credit courses, they have increased noncredit and are continuing education programs to meet to the workforce development needs of the region. President Dr. Anna Weitz vision was to grow enrollment and expand the outreach of the college to the surrounding countries that were underserved or were not served by any Community College. To achieve their goal, the Community College petitioned the Department of Education to change their name from CCACC to reflect a more regional approach. The name was changed to Pennsylvania Highlands Community College on July 1, 2004. Pitt Johnstown was founded in 1927, it is the first and largest regional campus of the University of Pittsburgh. It is a vital knowledge center and a contributor to the region’s educational, social, cultural, and economic development, UPJ provides a high quality educational experience that is designed to get students ready for the real world of the 21st century. UPJ’s record of excellence was reflected in part by the accomplishments of the students, faculty, and staff; more than 20,000 alumni achievements are on record; the gratification of area employers; and accomplishments of many external organizations. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown brings a high quality educational experience in a supportive living and learning environment that is grounded in the liberal arts and sciences, and is current and responsive to both our students’ persona l and professional needs and also to our communities needs. UPJ’s campus is located on 655 picturesque acres in the Laurel Highlands of Pennsylvania, 70 miles east of

Buy a Baseball America`s Favorite Game Essay Online

Buy a Baseball America`s Favorite Game Essay Online Essay about Baseball As spring comes in, when the beauty of the earth comes alive one more time, the great American game begins in North America and Canada. It is so much more than a ball game played between two teams of at nine players on a diamond-shaped field – with bases, gloves, bats and balls, a mound, dirt on in infield, grass in the outfield, and people in the stands. Baseball is a game of graceful athleticism, intelligence, and class. At times, baseball is like a ballet, a performance and a mind game, a game of chess. It’s very different than – even superior to –that ruthless game called American football, not to be confused with soccer. Baseball is far more humane in nature than football, which is a brutish game of violence much too similar to war. Baseball is a gentleman’s game, a thinking mans sport of brains, strength, stamina, speed, and reflex. Also, baseball, which is said to have evolved from the British game cricket, was created in New England around the time of the American Civil War, played by Union soldiers to occupy their downtime, to probably distract them and aid in helping them keep their sanity when not fighting. It requires concentration and competition, so it was a helpful tool in bringing them together to do something fun and enjoyable. Next came professional baseball leagues in various parts of the country, in cities in most states in America. Over time, in one form or another, people all over were playing the great game – whether for fun on pastures or on a flat, dirt field. Then it became a spectator sport during the summer months. Late nights meant for baseball all day long, and people began paying money to see games. It is still this way today. They were paying money to see the best local players compete against the best players in other locations, regions or towns. Since then, since the turn of the 21st century, baseball has been a staple of American life, culture, and society. This may be the reason baseball is called, time and time again, â€Å"America’s Favorite Pastime.† Today, Major League Baseball has become the authority on professional baseball in the United States – and has become a multi-million-dollar company (if not a multi-billion-dollar one). Its  games and other retail items attract millions and millions of Americans every year, and the professional league fan base extends to South America, Canada, Europa,  and Asia. Its  players – Major League Baseball players – make millions of dollars a year, through contracts with each team, which is essentially a large corporation, and through deals with athletic equipment companies, sponsors, and other such things. That is a lot of money for someone to play a game that was played for fun by soldiers in the Civil War, a game played by children on long summer days. In the last 150 years since the game was created, baseball – the actual game itself – probably hasn’t changed too much. It still involves the same notions and requires the same language, the same basics of the game, its  basic principles and rules and standards and requirements. But the game has most definitely changed. A major problem in American professional baseball these past couple decades has been the use of performance-enhancing drugs, like steroids, among the game’s best and most famous players. For someone who grew up idolizing these players and wanting to emulate them, it can be a real downer to think they are human and fallible ones at that, too human to be heroes and to do heroic things. They are only people who could play a simple game very well to the point they could get paid to do it day in and day and for years at a time. It has become an industry and not just a game. That game has changed – and not necessarily for the better.

Think Piece 1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Think Piece 1 - Term Paper Example There is also a difference between criminalization and decriminalization; this is due to the fact that criminalization is a form of punishment, while decriminalization is the change of a previously punishable act to a legal one, in order to save vulnerable people, for example abortion. Various acts and behaviors have been criminalized in the United States, while others have been decriminalized. Keywords: Crime, Process of Criminalization, Process of Decriminalization, Criminalization, Decriminalization, Punishment, Violation, Criminal HIV Transmission, Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Prostitution, Abortion, Homosexuality, Gambling, Marijuana Crime can be defined as an abuse of society rules of behavior as stated and expressed by a criminal legal code (Siegel, 2009). Walston-Dunham on the other hand defined crime as â€Å"conduct in abuse of the criminal laws of a state, the government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse† ( 1990, p. 499). Criminalization refers to both the absolute means that place certain conduct under the threat of punishment, and to the legal action of introducing these means. Criminalization can therefore be defined as the â€Å"legally binding decision to put a certain form of conduct under the threat of punishment† (Duff, Farmer, Marshall, Renzo, & Tadros, 2010, p. 239). The difference between crime and the process of criminalization is that crime is a violation of rules that are set to govern a society, while the process of criminalization is a punishment for the law breakers. Decriminalization refers to â€Å"adjustment of moral boundaries to social change or, to retain the vocabulary borrowed from Piaget, as normative accommodation† (Abel, 1995, p. 214). Criminalization takes precedence over its counterpart decriminalization (Spierenburg, 2008). The difference between the process of criminalization and decriminalization is that in criminalization, there is a form of punishment and the acts and behaviors are regarded as illegal, while decriminalization is the change of a previously punishable act to a legal one, in order to save vulnerable people; hence in decriminalization the acts and behaviors that were regarded as illegal are no longer illegal. Examples of acts and behaviors that have been decriminalized in the United States include abortion, homosexuality, marijuana use, and gambling. Examples of acts and behaviors that have been criminalized in the United States include criminal HIV transmission, child abuse, prostitution, and domestic violence. Laws governing abortion have been varied in different states. In 1973 many states criminalized abortion. However, it was permitted when a woman`s life was at risk and many US courts stated that all abortion laws were unconstitutional. The court recognized that a woman`s right to privacy includes a right to determine whether or not to continue her pregnancy, but that right is not absolute (Marsh all Cavendish, 2009). Abortion has been the central platform for the women’s movement. Its decriminalization maintains that abortion can either be a medical or a legal issue, but a woman`s right (Anleu, 2000). Decriminalization doesn’t provide women with an absolute right to abortion, and is to be practiced by medical practitioners under critical circumstances. Homosexuality in the United States is a behavior that has been decriminaliz

Language Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The Operations Management Strategy Of Hard Rock Cafe Tourism Essay

The Operations Management Strategy Of Hard Rock Cafe Tourism Essay Hard Rock Cafà ©, the originator of theme-restaurant dining, provides a complete rock experience through cafes, hotels, casinos, memorabilia and music venues. .Since the first opening on 14 June, 1971 in London, England, Hard Rock Cafà © has rapidly expanded and succeeded and now Hard Rock has over 171 venues in more than 52 countries, including 134 cafes and 15 Hotels, Casinos across the globe. How has a small pub become such a success? Lets evaluate the operation management strategies of Hard Rock by using the theory of Operation Management. As an industry leader, Hard Rocks strategy has changed from times to times to meet customers demands, HARD ROCK CAFEs operation strategy now is designed to be a part of the globalise experience economy, and to achieve this aim, all ten operations management decisions like Goods and Service Design, Managing Quality, Process and Capacity Design ,location strategies, layout strategies, human resources, supply chain management, inventory management, scheduling, and maintenance-are all taken into good consideration by HARD ROCK CAFEs operation management team 1. Lets first starting with Products and Service Design With the slogan Love all-Serve all, HARD ROCK CAFE welcomes all type of customers with enthusiastic attitude regardless of sex, age of class. At HARD ROCK CAFE, customers can feel the atmosphere of their providing experience with Rock world which nowhere else they can feel it. The foods at HARD ROCK CAFE are analysed and tested by the Chiefs and Operations personnel constantly review menus, and food research is ongoing.to fit the local taste. For example, fish and lobster are focused more at HARD ROCK CAFE Britain, and Thai Snack Combo is added into the menu at HARD ROCK CAFE Bangkok. At HARD ROCK CAFE, customers are provided a dining event that includes a unique visual and sound experience not duplicated anywhere in the world. Because the brand is so strong, 48% of sales are from merchandise of memorabilia one of the largest HARD ROCK CAFE restaurants in the world is in Orlando, Florida where provides over 3500 custom products, in this case meals each day with more than 1,500 seats. 2. Managing Quality Quality is the heart of the enterprise and HARD ROCK CAFE is not an exception, every single water/meal is important to HARD ROCK CAFE. They conduct numerous surveys on Quality, Food research and Suppliers research to get an honest assessment from their stakeholders, especially their customers. Their surveys are on a scale from 1-7, and anything less than a 7 is considered a failure. Then, according to customers surveys and feedback they update their menu, music, memorabilia, service and strategy accordingly to meet the quality as customers expectation. 3.Process and Capacity Design HARD ROCK CAFE uses an existing domestic model globally but also in certain instances, when necessary, uses franchises in some locations to produce a more customised experience HARD ROCK CAFE is a very big chain with capacity of providing 100,000 meals per day (including starters, sandwiches, salads, burgers, sides, entrees, desserts ..) within the U.S. this fact prove how efficiently HARD ROCK CAFE organizes its employee schedules, material, inventory.. Task 2: In the light of the above, discuss the operations management challenges and opportunities for Hard Rock when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi. 4.Location Strategies Location can make or break business strategy and it is a major long time decision. At HARD ROCK CAFE, When considering a new location, a careful decision making process is used, it systematically narrows the search from country to city and then precise street corner for the new restaurants. To go into the right location at the right time, HARD ROCK CAFE start with a global view and look at several factors such as: political risk, currency risk, social norms, brand fit, social cost, business practices through market research, then levelled with very further details and marked for each Hard Rock now aims to the area of Europe, Latin America and Asia. Not all Hard Rock businesses are operated by itself but franchised because of political risk, economic challenges such as inflation, exchange rate, culture may affect its development. Franchises are used when it is decided that local ownership will bring a unique capability, or local conditions suggest there will be an unusual or difficult implementation. For examples, HARD ROCK CAFE in Vietnam is franchised to local partner-Viet Thai International, the owner of Highland coffee shops. 5.Layout Strategies In each location, HARD ROCK CAFE is carefully considered whether they should purchase, lease in a long term, or a new construction should be set up or remodeling the existing site In preparation for each restaurant and bars lay out, HARD ROCK CAFE always consider food protection, the kitchen flows for food preparation for maximum revenue. All the lightings, sound, screens, contemporary music, and circulation paths are designed to show off memorabilia and expose customers to merchandise for sale. The retail shops generate close to half the companys profit and are carefully integrated into restaurant layout, flow, and work stations. 6.Human resource and Job Design HARD ROCK CAFEs employees have not only job skills but also a passion about music and love to serve, convey the experience to customers. According to Jim Knight, Manager of Corporate Training: When you start talking about a human resource department that really is a true support center for such a big, international company, you kind of have to realize that the cafes and the individuals that work within can probably stand on their own when we were much smaller, but I think theres a role that human resources now plays to sort of be the conscience of the company and make sure that were doing the right thing by the people, so I dont mind us being a voice for them, and doing what we can to help recruit, maintain, to truly train them, to develop them, to grow them. Anything that we can do to support the individuals-I think thats really what human resources is all about.    Hard Rock Cafe carefully develops of their fleet to excite customers and provide entertainment. The enthusiasm of all staff members when they engage in client is one of the reasons people continue to go back Before starting to work for Hard Rock Cafe, they are trained for 2 days and received a Hard Rock value card. It is not just a card but shows the experience of Hard Rock through years. All Hard Rock employees will be proud to work in a unique working environment with its own culture which appreciates the substantial diversity and individuality, personal and professional manner. Moreover, this training also allows Hard Rock staff to undertake different positions or duties, that means one can be a waiter, retailer, front-of-the-house server or even can cover kitchen.Some Mottos of HARD ROCK CAFE: spread the spirit of rockn rollà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦contributing member of our communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Hard Rock has the internal promotion policy as well to encourage their employees loyalty, 60% managers of Hard Rock Cafe are promoted from hourly workers Managers performance is evaluated by a target which is based on the 3-year-weighted moving average, and they will receive bonus when exceeding this target All of this human resource policy helps Hard Rock take a competitive advantage, earn more revenues and saving costs by deciding which items would be replaced. 7.Supply chain Management Outsourcing is a popular method that a big-scale organization, like Hard Rock, applying for its supply-chain management  . Qualified suppliers or vendors are chosen to ensure enough, fresh and quality meals.   Hard Rock in 2003 announced the successful participation of Avicon architect of the new supply chain and provided expertise in logistics for Hard Rock. This project led to practical results, warehouse space in North America was decreased 44%, reduced operational costs by 20%, service levels were improved by 22%, the site offered real time based on their sequence visibility, transportation cost optimization, distribution network optimization, optimized contract terms and the responsibility to protect, improve operational efficiency. Menu item selection depend on supplying right amounts of ingredients on qualified suppliers on time. Inventory Management   Innovative methods, such as Just-in-Time inventory control, can save costs and move products and services to customers more quickly. The good management of supply-chain helps Hard Rock to keep a safe and effective inventory. Foods need to be fresh and provided on time. There is not only food and merchandise, but Hard Rock also has over forty million dollars invested in one of the worlds largest collections of rock-and-roll memorabilia inventory which has over 60,000 pieces. Most of them are on the walls of his cafà © in the world. Inventory Management is responsible for cataloging the entire inventory of all the cafes. They developed inventory system through technology that tells them exactly what is in every cafe where it was in this cafe, and what is the story behind each item Every 5-6 years, Memorabilia of all cafes around the world are renewed by being brought back to Orlando to be refurbished, and then be replaced with new gear. 9.Scheduling   Scheduling for Bartenders, kitchen and wait staffs, hostesses, and retail employees is based off of sales tracking. Y When preparing and planning work schedules, they look at the sales last year and the trend for the last couple of weeks. Y They will also consider any event in the area and seasonality . We also take a look at sales trend for the past couple weeks, and then what we do from that is we come up with a sales forecast. The sales forecast is basically that nucleus that we write the schedule from. This allows Hard Rock Cafe managers can predict the volume of people may get in and enjoy in its restaurants and prepare a pretty right human, foods and services Just-In-Time to save the costs.   With successful scheduling the good reputation of the Hard Rock Cafe is enhanced. Considerations Employee preferences Changing sales forecasts Scheduling Software Profitable for both employee and the cafà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ 10.Maintenance   Maintenance for Hard Rock is based mostly on food preparation and storage. They have to make sure food is stored and prepared correctly. Quality and Control are key to success. At HARD ROCK CAFE, they review menu and music time by time based on the surveys done. All kitchen, bar, retail shop, lay out and equipment are maintained regularly   regarding Memorabilia,   Maintenance of inventory is done every 5-6 years, when the memorabilia was removed from a coffee shop, and refurbished. The cafe, which is then filled with new items In order to strengthen the brand recognition, Hard Rock Cafe creates its own website: www.hardrock.com and maintain a cable television program weekly on VH-1. More than 100,000 hits received through Hard Rock website and 92% of recognition is a truly great result repaying for Hard Rock efforts Question 2: In the light of the above, discuss the operations management challenges and opportunities for Hard Rock when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi. As mentioned in above Location Strategy, HARD ROCK CAFE in Vietnam is franchised to local partner. Viet Thai International Joint Stock Company,   owner of the famous coffee shop chain Highlands Coffee, last 2009 signed a franchising agreement with UK-based Hard Rock International to develop four Hard Rock Cafe, location in Vietnam. Besides, the first newly opened coffee shop on January 22, 2010 in commercial and residential Kumho Asiana Plaza in the heart of the city, District 1, they are planning to open three new stores in the capital of Hanoi, northern Hai Phong city and central Da Nang city in 2012. according to director David Thai: The expansion of the Hard Rock Cafe, franchising in Vietnam to tap the potential of a growing economy and expanding young population, the target customers of the chain. Lets look at the operations management challenges and opportunities in detail that HARD ROCK CAFE/Viet Thai may face with when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi Demographics   Population of Area:   not like Starbucks cafà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ which using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to help location analysis of population, Hard Rock Cafà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡s customers mostly tourists and business visitors who come from another locations, so Hard Rock Cafà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ doesnt concern much on Hanois population. However, the opportunities Hard Rock may have is that more and more people in Hanoi love Rock Roll music, and the labor cost is cheap . on the other hand , local people are not familiar with high-intensity work, style and culture of unique business like Hard Rock Cafà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ and they may not meet the service standard requirement, furthermore, the Vietnamese is very modest, so they may not feel confident to show their personality as expected by Hard Rock Cafe.   Economic Indicators  . Hanoi has the highest  Human Development Index among the cities in Vietnam According to a recent ranking of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Hanoi will be the fastest growing cities in the world in terms of GDP growth in 2008-2025. [17] The non-State economic sector is expanding rapidly, with more than 48,000 enterprises are operating under the Enterprise Law (up to 3 / 2007). [18] Trade is a powerful sector of the city. The economic structure has undergone significant changes, with tourism, finance, and banking now playing an increasingly important role. Along with economic growth, Hanoi appearance has changed dramatically, especially in recent years. Infrastructure is constantly upgraded, with new routes and an improved system of public transport According to General Statistics Office in 2010, the total domestic product (GDP) of Hanoi increased by 11% compared to 2009. . total revenue and social services at 30.5% compared with 2009, in which the total retail sales increased 31.2%. Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 9.56% in 2010 compared with 12 months of last year, the gold price index rose 37.02%, the U.S. dollar price index rose 7.44%. The average growth rate a month in 2010 is 0.95%. Visitor Market Tourists/business visitors:   In 2010, international visitors to Hanoi is 1227.5 thousand,up 20.5% over the same period, domestic tourists is 7392.4 thousand visitors, up 10%, revenue from hotels increased 26.9% Hotels   According to figures in 2007, Hanoi had 511 hotel accommodation establishments with more than 12,700 operating rooms. Of these, only 178 rated hotels with 8424 rooms. Luxury room shortage is one of the reasons that the amount of foreign visitors to Hanoi is not high. With rates are considered quite expensive in Vietnam, about $ 126.26 a night for 5 star hotel room. In addition to nine 5-star hotel is  Sofitel Plaza  , Daewoo, Hilton Hanoi Opera, Horison, , Melia, Nikko, Sheraton, Metropole, and Inter Continental, the city also has six 4-star hotel and nineteen 3-star hotel. According to the newly licensed projects and the recently approved investment, by 2011, Hanoi will have about 2,000 luxury hotel rooms. Entertainment Retail many options for entertainment in Hanoi can be found throughout the city. Modern and traditional theaters, cinemas, karaoke bars, dance clubs, bowling alleys, and a rich opportunity to shop provides recreational activities for both locals and tourists . Hanoi has been named one of top 10 cities for shopping in Asia by Smart Travel Asia. [12] The number of art galleries art galleries has soared in recent years. A popular form of entertainment is the traditional water puppetry, is shown at the Thang Long Water Puppet Theatre Sports There are several gyms and stadiums throughout the city of Hanoi. The largest is the National Stadium My Dinh , Hanoi Water Sport Athletic Complex and the Hanoi Stadium. In 2009, the 3rd Asian Indoor Games was held in Hanoi. Transportation Hanoi is served by Noi Bai International Airport, located in Soc Son district, about 40ykm north of Hanoi. Noi Bai International Airport is unique to the northern regions of Vietnam. Hanoi will have 1 more international airport, which will cost $8 billion, the highest foreign investment to date in the history of Vietnam [16] It will become the largest and most modern airport in Asia .. Construction will be done in three phases, the first phase will start in 2011 until 2015. Taxis are a lot in Hanoi and often trip meters, although it is usually to agree on price before taking a taxi trip from the airport to downtown. Cyclos tour in the Old Quarter is also attracted tourists. Hanoi is also the starting point for many of the original Vietnam railway train in the country. The Reunification Express runs from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City, with stops in other cities and provinces along the line. Trains also depart Hanoi frequently for Hai Phong and other northern cities. The main means of transportation in the city are motorcycles, buses, taxis, and bicycles. Motorcycle is the most common way to move around the city. [Citation needed] the public buses that run on many routes and fares can be purchased on the bus. For short trips, xe à ´m (literally: hug vehicle) motorcycle taxis are available Restaurants and Nightclubs ( a selection in key target market areas) Political Risk:   Vietnam is considered one of the most stably politic regimes. This allows Hard Rocks management board to feel secure to invest the business in Hanoi. Vietnam government is establishing a system of open policies, encouraging foreign investors to invest, develop Vietnam economy and create jobs for local people.   Social Risk Hanoian has the habits to drink coffee in a street-cafe with a very cheap price, processed by the traditional method, read newspapers or see people passing by. Not many people are willing to spend about VND 80,000 on drinking a small coffee that Hard Rock may apply that average price for its items. Furthermore, the local peoples taste of coffee is different. They normally drink stronger taste than the other countries. Robusta coffee here is more popular than Arabica, not as in Europe or America. However, the main targeted customers of Hard Rock Cafà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ are from tourist and business visitors not from local people. So these challenges are not really the one Hard Rock Cafà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ cares of. Real Estate Market:   location is a very important element for a cafe to be successful in Hanoi. The cost for a centre position (around Hoan Kiem Lake) is very high and most of them are dominated by both foreign and local cafe brands, such as Highland, Illy, Trung Nguyen (famous coffee exporter with the trademark G7). There are also potential competitors like Coffee Bean, Subway, Gloria Jeans Coffee, etc.   Hoan Kiem Lake. Similar to Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi is enjoying extremely fast development of real estate market [19]. Economic growth of urban areas does not seem to correspond to its infrastructure. Overpopulation requires a source of much larger accommodations [20] Not surprisingly,. As an effect of this problem, the apartment and real estate fever occurs during the time seriously. [21]. So, its really a big operation management challenge for Hard Rock Cafà © to consider whether renting or building the new one during the period of at least 10-15 years. Hard Rock Cafà © Comparable Market Analysis In summary, all of these elements create difficulties but also open promising opportunities for Hard Rock to decide the suitable plan when studying the business expansion into Hanoi. It always be the concern for all Operations Managers to make the right decisions, not only for Hard Rock Cafe.